Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. While they are common among women of reproductive age, many remain unaware of their presence until they start causing symptoms. As a leading Obstetrician and Gynecologist in Kharadi, Pune, Dr. Shipra Kunwar emphasizes early diagnosis and personalized treatment to help women manage fibroids effectively.
What Are Uterine Fibroids?
Fibroids are benign tumors made up of muscle and fibrous tissue. They vary in size – from as small as a seed to as large as a melon – and may occur as a single growth or multiple lumps. Depending on their location, they are classified as:
- Intramural fibroids – within the muscular wall of the uterus
- Submucosal fibroids – bulging into the uterine cavity
- Subserosal fibroids – growing on the outer wall of the uterus
- Pedunculated fibroids – attached to the uterus by a thin stalk
Common Symptoms of Fibroids
Not all fibroids cause noticeable symptoms. However, when they do, they can significantly affect a woman’s daily life and reproductive health. Common symptoms include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation or bloating
- Pain during intercourse
- Lower back pain
- Difficulty in conceiving or recurrent pregnancy loss
If you’re experiencing any of the above signs, it’s essential to seek medical attention for timely diagnosis and management.
What Causes Fibroids?
The exact cause of fibroid development remains unclear, but several factors may contribute:
- Hormonal factors: Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth
- Genetics: A family history increases the risk
- Age: Most commonly seen in women aged 30–50
- Obesity and poor lifestyle choices
- Early onset of menstruation
How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in managing fibroids effectively. A gynecologist may use one or more of the following diagnostic tools:
- Pelvic Examination: Initial physical check to feel for irregularities in uterus size or shape.
- Ultrasound: A non-invasive imaging test to visualize fibroids and their location.
- MRI Scan: Offers detailed images for complex or multiple fibroids.
- Hysterosonography or Saline Infusion Sonography: To check the uterine cavity, especially for submucosal fibroids.
- Hysteroscopy: A thin tube with a camera is inserted through the cervix to examine the inside of the uterus.
- Blood Tests: To assess hemoglobin levels, especially in cases of heavy bleeding.
Treatment Options for Fibroids
The treatment for fibroids depends on factors such as the size and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, the woman’s age, and her plans for pregnancy. Dr. Shipra Kunwar offers a wide range of treatment options tailored to each patient’s needs:
1. Watchful Waiting
If fibroids are small and asymptomatic, regular monitoring may be all that’s required.
2. Medications
- Hormonal therapies: Such as birth control pills or GnRH agonists to shrink fibroids
- Non-hormonal medications: For pain relief and reducing heavy bleeding
- Iron supplements: To treat anemia caused by excessive bleeding
3. Minimally Invasive Procedures
- Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Blocks blood flow to the fibroid, causing it to shrink
- MRI-guided focused ultrasound: Uses sound waves to destroy fibroid tissue
4. Surgical Options
- Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus – ideal for women planning pregnancy
- Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus – a permanent solution for women with severe symptoms and no desire for future pregnancies
- Hysteroscopic resection: Removal of fibroids through the cervix using a hysteroscope, typically for submucosal fibroids
Can Fibroids Affect Fertility?
Yes, in some cases. Fibroids, particularly submucosal ones, may interfere with implantation, block fallopian tubes, or distort the shape of the uterus. However, with the right treatment, many women with fibroids can go on to conceive and have a healthy pregnancy.
When to See a Gynecologist?
You should consult a gynecologist if you experience:
- Heavy, painful, or irregular periods
- Persistent pelvic pain or bloating
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Frequent urination or pressure on the bladder
Fibroids are common but manageable with timely medical intervention. If you’re experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your reproductive health, consult an experienced gynecologist.
Dr. Shipra Kunwar, Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist in Kharadi, Pune, provides comprehensive care for women with fibroids – from diagnosis to advanced, patient-focused treatment options.
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