Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable yet still one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. In India, it remains a major health concern due to delayed diagnosis and limited awareness. The good news is that regular Pap smear tests and cervical cancer screening can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer or help catch it in its earliest, most treatable stage.
As a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist practicing in Kharadi, Pune, Dr. Shipra Kunwar emphasizes the importance of proactive screening in every woman’s healthcare journey.
What is a Pap Smear?
A Pap smear, also known as a Pap test, is a simple, quick, and painless procedure that checks for precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. This test helps detect changes in cervical cells caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common cause of cervical cancer.
Why Is Cervical Cancer Screening Important?
Cervical cancer develops slowly and is highly treatable when caught early. Regular screening offers the following benefits:
- Early detection of abnormal cells before they turn into cancer
- Timely treatment, increasing chances of full recovery
- Peace of mind when results are normal
- Helps prevent the spread or progression of cervical abnormalities
Without regular screening, many women remain unaware of developing issues until symptoms appear at an advanced stage.
Who Should Get a Pap Smear and When?
According to global and national guidelines:
- Women should begin Pap smear testing at age 21
- From ages 21 to 29: a Pap test every 3 years is recommended
- From ages 30 to 65: a Pap test every 3 years, or a Pap + HPV co-test every 5 years
- After 65: Screening may stop if past tests have been normal and no new risk factors are present
Women who are sexually active, have a history of HPV, or have a weakened immune system may require more frequent screening.
What to Expect During a Pap Smear?
The procedure is typically done during a pelvic examination at the gynecologist’s clinic. It takes only a few minutes and involves:
- You lying on the examination table.
- A speculum being gently inserted into the vagina to view the cervix.
- A small brush or spatula collecting cervical cells.
The sample is then sent to a lab for analysis. The procedure is generally painless, though some women may feel mild discomfort or pressure.
What Do the Results Mean?
- Normal: No abnormal cells detected. Continue regular screenings.
- Abnormal: Doesn’t always mean cancer. It may indicate changes like:
- Inflammation or infection
- Low-grade changes (may resolve on their own)
- High-grade changes (require further evaluation like colposcopy or biopsy)
Early intervention at this stage can prevent the progression to cancer.
HPV and Its Link to Cervical Cancer
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is a sexually transmitted infection, and certain high-risk types are directly associated with cervical cancer. That’s why HPV testing, often done alongside a Pap smear after age 30, is a valuable addition to cervical cancer screening.
Dr. Shipra Kunwar also recommends the HPV vaccine for girls and young women (typically between ages 9–26) to prevent the most dangerous strains of the virus.
Myths and Misconceptions About Pap Smears
Myth: Only sexually active women need Pap tests
Truth: All women aged 21+ should be screened, regardless of sexual activity.
Myth: A Pap smear is very painful
Truth: It may be slightly uncomfortable but is not usually painful.
Myth: I’m healthy, so I don’t need screening
Truth: Cervical cell changes often occur without symptoms.
When to See a Gynecologist?
You should consult a gynecologist if you experience:
- Irregular menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Foul-smelling or unusual vaginal discharge
- Pain during intercourse
- Missed or overdue Pap smears
Regular gynecological check-ups are essential for maintaining reproductive and overall health.
Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers that is both preventable and treatable when detected early. A simple Pap test can save your life. Dr. Shipra Kunwar encourages all women in Kharadi and nearby areas to prioritize regular gynecological exams and screenings.
If you're due for a Pap smear or have concerns about your cervical health, don’t delay. Book an appointment with Dr. Shipra Kunwar today and take a proactive step toward your well-being.
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